Human resources management and Importance

Human resource management (HRM) – a major determinant of any system’s performance – has been overlooked in the health sector until recently.

While the non-health sector has defined and evaluated the effects of HRM interventions, the particular nature of the health sector makes difficult to apply lessons learned from elsewhere. However, one lesson that can be applied to HRM in health is that single or uncoordinated interventions are less likely to achieve performance improvements than strategic packages. See What difference does (good) HRM make?

The importance of human resources management in health care: a global context considers the importance of HRM in improving overall patient health outcomes and delivery of health care services. The authors argue that proper management of human resources is critical in providing a high quality of health care. The authors argue that a refocus on HRM in health care and more research are needed to develop new policies. New and effective human resources management strategies are needed to achieve better outcomes from and access to health care around the world.

Defining roles and competencies
Competencies – what a person is capable of doing, rather than what they are doing – help address both behavioural and technical skills needed to define job expectations and requirements. They provide a common language and framework for those critical – but sometimes elusive – aspects of job performance and are an effective tool for communicating about performance because they help people frame expectations and goals in clear terms.

Defining and maintaining job descriptions
Job descriptions are the basic organising element in any organisation. They document an employee’s tasks and responsibilities, what his or her authority is, and what skills and qualifications are necessary to do the work. They form the basis of the contract an individual holds with the organisation. Definition of appropriate job descriptions contributes to improve efficiency of the workforce. They need to be dynamic and flexible allowing for revision and adaptation to new situations, expanding or focusing the scope of intervention according to needs. Changes in job description should always be accompanied by educational support to ensure appropriate skills. See The Health and Family Planning Manager’s Toolkit.
Improved supervision
Supervision of staff in health care has two aims: to ensure the quality of program and clinic operations; and to enable staff to perform to their maximum potential. Traditional approaches have focused on ‘inspecting’ facilities and ‘controlling’ individual staff performance. However, improving performance and maintaining standards through individual supervision is impractical: most services are complex and the result of coordinated team effort, and are not dependent on the actions of a single individual.

Further resources:
* Guidelines for implementing supportive supervision: a step-by-step guide with tools to support immunisation
* Making supervision supportive and sustainable: new approaches to old problems

Professional development and training
Contemporary specificities of labour in the health care sector: introductory notes for discussion argues that the rapid development of health innovation systems means that knowledge can become out of date. The authors argue that continued education and training of health personnel will help overcome these barriers and improve the labour status of the sector.

Further resources:
* WHO recommendations for clinical mentoring to support scale-up of HIV care, antiretroviral therapy and prevention in resource-constrained settings

* Educating to improve population health outcomes in chronic disease: an innovative workforce initiative across remote, rural and Indigenous communities in northern Australia

Work environment
The work environment has a strong influence on job satisfaction and turnover. Decisions to emigrate by nurses and doctors are often related to a poor working environment. Low recognition, poor communication, poor supervision and career stagnation are some of the most cited factors. Magnet hospitals, despite being a concept developed in more industrialised countries, is a good example of how a good work environment can increase retention of health workers .
Further resources

What makes a good employer?
* Perceptions of health workers about conditions of service: A Namibian case study

Tools for HRH management
* MSH Improving human resource management
* WHO tools and methodologies for the health workforce
* HRH Global Resource Centre Tools
* HRH Tool Compendium
Resources from the US and the UK
* UK Department of Health: human resources and training
* UK Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
* Health Care Workforce Toolkit – from the American Hospital Associatio

jab tak hai jaan (2012)

After finding and losing his true love in London, Samar Anand defies death by becoming a bomb disposal expert for the Indian Army.

Returning to London after 10 years, he suffers amnesia after an accident. Will he be reunited with his love?
Ratings: 8.2/10 from 8,730 users
Genres: Drama | Romance
Director: Yash Chopra
Writers: Devika Bhagat (screenplay), Aditya Chopra (screenplay)

Pictures

Skyfall (2012)

Top Ten Animated Movies

01. Brave (2012)

02. Pinocchio (1940)

The 1940 follow-up to “Snow White” catches the original Walt Disney animation team at the peak of their mature storytelling powers. A darkly powerful fairy tale with astonishing visuals.

03. Beauty and the Beast (1991)

  The best of the latter-day Disney renaissance, with a deep well of emotion coursing through detailed imagery and delightful songs.

04. Spirited Away (2001)

 

Hayao Miyazaki’s finest moment is a delightfully surreal trip down the rabbit hole with a Japanese Alice. For little kids, probably better to stick with the masterful “My Neighbor Totoro.”

05. Grave of the Fireflies (1988)

From Miyazaki’s Studio Ghibli, this 1988 real-life drama about two children surviving WWII is possibly the saddest animated film ever made — but a daring work of brilliance nevertheless.

06. The Iron Giant (1999)

Brad Bird’s first feature is a splendidly imagined, visualized, and paced film about a boy’s best friend being his giant robot from outer space.

07. WALL-E (2008)

Pixar’s great leap forward. As brilliant as “Monsters, Inc.” and “The Incredibles” are, they’re kid stuff next to this future-shock fairy tale.

08. Yellow Submarine (1968)

A fusion of high ’60s psychedelia and peak graphic design as the Fab Four take on the Blue Meanies. All you need is love.

09. Akira (1988)

A pinnacle of smart cyberpunk anime, this 1988 tale of paranoia and action in Neo Tokyo is one of the movies’ great dystopian visions.

10. Persepolis (2007)

With a visual style — black-and-white, hand-drawn — as defiant as its heroine, Marjane Satrapi’s 2007 adaptation of her graphic novel about growing up in Iran takes the animated movie into profound personal territory.

 

 

SWOT Analysis of Telenor

SWOT Analysis of Telenor

What are the strengths, weakness, opportunities andthreats faced by telenor Pakistan. How can they increase their marketshare in Pakistan Cellular Industry?Following Is the SWOT Analysis of telenor Pakistan.

 SWOT Analysis:

Strengths of Telenor
Strengths of Telenor:
Network Quality and design
Superior Customer Care
Financial Strength
Excellent Coverage & Distribution
Contract with Siemens & Nokia
Brand Image of Quality
Superior Product quality for customers
Better Customer relationship than competitors
Extra Features and services
Committed And Efficient Staff
Products innovations ongoing
Good reputation among customers
Good packages according to the target market
Management is rational and understanding the situation
Low Price VAS as Compared to the Competitors

Weakness Of Telenor
Less time in market as compared to other cellular companies ,likemobilink.
Less coverage as compared to the competitors like mobilink
Less experienced employees than competitors
“Seth Organization”
Not able to capitalize on start

Oppurtunities Of Telenor
A developing market
Mergers joint ventures or strategic alliances
Extension to overseas
Low Cellular market penetration
Decline of major competitors
E-Commerce Usage
Mobile Number Portability
IMEI System
Technologically better environment
New Launches
More customers on newer products introduced

Threats Of Telenor
Emerging companies in market
Unstable political Conditions
MNP Mobile Number Portablility
Wireless Technology at Boom
New companies entrance in the telecommunication market
 High Public Expectations
 Low Prices of competing brands
 Propagandas attacking

Explain application of law of return in industry and agriculture

Explain application of law of return in industry and agriculture.

The law of diminishing returns specially applies to agriculture and other extractive industries. One thing that is common to all these industries is the supremacy of nature.

It is therefore often remarked that the part that nature plays in production corresponds to diminishing returns and the part which man plays confirms to the law of increasing returns. The reason is that, nature where it is supreme is subject to diminishing returns, while industry where man is supreme is subject to increasing return. The agricultural operations are spread out over a wide area, and supervision cannot be very effective.

Application of the Law of Returns in Industries:
There are certain manufacturing industries where the factors of production can be combined and substituted up to a certain limit; it is the law of increasing returns which operates.
The increasing returns mainly arise from the fact that large scale production is able to secure certain economies of production, both internal and external. When an industry is expanded, it reaps advantages of division of labor, specialized machinery, commercial advantages, buying and selling wholesale, economies in overhead expenses, utilization of by products, use of extensive publicity and advertisement, availability of cheap credit, etc..

Assumptions:
The law rests upon the following assumptions:
a) There is a scope in the improvement of technique of production.
b) At least one factor of production is assumed to be \ indivisible.
c) Some factors are supposed to be divisible.

Example:
The law of returns can also be explained with the help of a schedule and a curve.

Schedule:
Inputs Total Returns Marginal Returns
1 100 100
2 250 150
3 450 200
4 750 300
5 1200 450
6 1850 650
7 2455 605
8 3045 600

In the above table it is dear that as the manufacturer goes on expanding his business by investing successive units of inputs, the marginal return goes on increasing up to the 6th unit and then it beings to decline steadily.
The marginal returns has diminished after the sixth unit because of the non-availability of a factor or factors of production or the size of the business has become so large that it has become unwieldy to manage it, or the plant is producing to its full capacity and it is not possible further to reap the economies of large scale production, etc.

Diagram:

In above figure, along OX axis are measured the units of inputs applied and along OY axis the marginal return is represented. PF is the curve representing the law of increasing returns.

Application of the Law of Returns in Agriculture:
As the most important law of production, and indeed of political economy as a whole. This is what is called “The Law of Diminishing Production,” or more fully and exactly, “The Law of Diminishing Returns in Agriculture.”

This generally law of agriculture industry is the most important proposition in political economy. Were the law different nearly all the phenomena of the production and distribution of wealth would be other than they are.
This law of diminishing returns in agriculture, applies also to mining, and in short to all the primary or extractive industries, which give the character of wealth to what was not before wealth, but not to those secondary or subsequent industries which add an additional increase of wealth. Thus since the law of diminishing productiveness in agriculture does not apply to the secondary industries, it is assumed that any increased application of labor and capital in manufacturing for instance, would continue to yield a proportionate and more than proportionate return.

Pak Lion Photo Printer (Project) Sample

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Miss Universe 2012

Celebrity Cricket League Pictures

Emma Watson Wallpapers

Top 10 Plus 5 Hollywood Movie Posters Of 2012

Dredd

Judge Dredd was all but solidified in this teaser poster. Karl Urban’s Dredd as seen here is a mean lean mother who hides in the darkness waiting to make a judgment – even he would put this poster under arrest for disturbing the plain poster peace.

The Cabin in the Woods

The one-sheet for Drew Goddard helmed film The Cabin in the Woods is one of 2012s few whose design instantly doubled as an unofficial logo. The cabin as Rubik’s Cube may seem obvious and simple, but it rightly promising a mad puzzle of a horror picture. The vintage model eventually misses the true triumph of this campaign: a deceptively indelible signature image, defined by twists and turns.

Argo

 
The Ben Affleck thriller based on the true accounts of American Embassy workers escaping Iran in the late ’70s conveys to the viewer that someone was trying to hide something .
Argo’s teaser poster is restrained enough to not show its star’s eyes and not really explain anything about the film – the way a good teaser poster should.

The Master

The Master features what appears to be a wine bottle submerged in water, bringing to mind the themes of alcoholism and drowning. The unique presentation and bold styling are enough to make this poster stand out.
Paul Thomas Anderson’s cryptic teaser poster for The Master is about as inexplicable as the film itself.

Django Unchained

I couldn’t help, but love this minimalist poster for the Quentin Tarantino’s new flick – eye-catching, simple, memorable. That’s all you need.

The Dark Knight Rises

One of the iconic images of 2012 is that of the Batman logo in negative space, framed by Gotham’s skyscrapers in the midst of their destruction.

Skyfall

 
  
Here’s a black-and-white beauty that handily puts Brad Pitt’s Chanel No. 5 ad to shame. This classic shot appears pulled from a fashion magazine, and yet has all the bravura one would expect from 007. No title necessary as you know the number, and you know the hallmarks, from Big Ben to that gleaming Aston Martin, plus Daniel Craig in an expertly tailored suit, and 50 years of the world’s best spy leap out at you.

The Wolverine

The dark, broad brush strokes pop against the pure white background turning this image from a promotional item into a true work of art. Going with this artistic style inspired by Japanese ink paintings and calligraphy was a smart decision by Twentieth Century Fox, as The Wolverine will be set in Japan, of course.
This Wolverine teaser poster is perhaps the best on this list — seriously goddamn cool!

The Amazing Spider-Man

This poster for The Amazing Spider-Man manages to tell the viewer exactly what the film is about, without using the title of the film anywhere on it, but used shadows and lighting to nicely create the illusion of four limbs becoming eight to form the iconic Spider-Man symbol; presumably, the shadow from the thorax onwards is cast by Andrew Garfield’s stupendous quiff.

Stoker

The first poster for Park-chan Wook’s English language debut is an immensely detailed treasure, a purposely unnerving part-drawn and part-collage pencil effort that offers clues to the film in a way that few other one-sheets can rival.

Seven Psychopaths

Binoculars? Check. Bottle o’ booze? Check. Dictaphone? Check. Looks like a writer to us.

Man of Steel

This special Comic-Con poster gave die-hard Superman fans all they needed to know: a picture of their hero in his super duds and a shadow that indicates it’s going to be much more Nolanesque than Superman Returns.

Looper

If you want to sidestep the irritating problem that the two actors you’ve hired to play older and younger versions of the same character don’t look all that alike, just put one of them upside down on the poster. That way, anyone trying to compare the two at the bus stop will require either a very bendy neck or a large mirror.

Hitchcock

Conveying Hitch’s own morbid sense of humour through a handily placed kitchen knife and Anthony Hopkins’ knowing look of disapproval, this poster is clever enough to not actually tell you that it’s the one-time Hannibal Lecter in the fat suit. That way, as you to smile at the ‘Good evening’ tagline, you’ve already made a mental note to head to the internet to find out more later.

Ted

Clean lines, crisp text, and great use of color are all combined to let the viewer know what the movie is going to be about – a teddy bear coming to life and interacting in the real world.
How can someone not be interested in seeing a film where the cuddly CGI main character is using the lower urinal while holding his beer and standing next to a live actor?